History of batik in Indonesia are closely related with the development and spread of the Majapahit kingdom in the land of Islam Java. In some records, the development of batik is often committed in times of Mataram kingdom, then in the work of Solo and Yogyakarta.
So this batik art in Indonesia has been known since the time of Majapahit jobs and growing the kingdom and the subsequent kings. The start spreading this batik art belongs to the people of Indonesia and Java in particular tribe is after the end of the eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. Produced batik batik is all until the early twentieth century and printed batik is known only after the world war unity out or around the year 1920. The connection with the spread of Islamic teachings. Many areas in central Java is perbatikan areas Batik students and later became a tool of economic perjaungan by pedangan figures Muslims against the Dutch economy.
Art is the art of batik on fabric image for clothing that became one culture keluaga Indonesian kings of old. Batik initially done only in a limited course and outcome palace for the king and the family clothing and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was taken by them out of court and be done in place of each.
Long batik art was imitated by the people nearest and further extends to the work of women in the household to fill his spare time. Furthermore, batik clothing was just a family court, then became a popular folk clothes, both women and men. White fabric that is used when it is woven themselves.
Materials were used consists dyes from native plants homemade Indonesia among others, from: mengkudu tree, tall, Soga, indigo, and flat materials made from soda ash, as well as salts made from tanahlumpur.
Batik Majapahit era who has become a culture in the kingdom Majahit, can be traced in the Mojokerto and Tulung Agung. Mojoketo are areas closely associated with the Majapahit kingdom during the first and the origin of the name have anything to do with Majokerto Majapahit. Relation to the development of original batik developed in Tulung Majapahit Agung is the history of batik development of this area, can be extracted from the legacy of Majapahit Kingdom era. At that time the majority of Tulungagung areas consist of swamps in the history of the area known as Bonorowo, which at the time of Majapahit bekembangnya area controlled by a Duke benama Kalang, and will not submit to the Majapahit kingdom.
Told that the police action carried out by Majapahati, Duke Kalang who died in fighting around the village reportedly said that now the Kalangbret. Thus the officers and soldiers of the Majapahit kingdom keluara settled and living area or the current Bonorowo named Tulungagung among others also carry original art to make batik.
Regional batik is now at Mojokerto in Kwali, Mojosari, Betero and Sidomulyo. Outside the Mojokerto regency was in Jombang. In the late nineteenth century, there are some known batik in Mojokerto, the materials used at that time white cloth woven themselves and batik drugs from Jambal Soga, mengkudu, indigo tom, height and so on.
Drugs known abroad only after the world war unity sold by Chinese traders in Mojokerto. Printed batik is known along with the entry of drugs from abroad batik. Cap made in Bangil and batik entrepreneurs can afford market Mojokerto Porong Sidoarjo, Porong market before the economic crisis the world is known as a bustling market, where the results of batik production and Jetis Sidoarjo Kedungcangkring sold. When the economic crisis, batik entrepreneurs come Mojoketo paralyzed, because most entrepreneurs small business. After the crisis recur batik activities until the Japanese came into Indonesia, and the time of the Japanese occupation batik activities paralyzed again. Batik activity appears again after the revolution which has become a regional Mojokerto occupation.
Characteristic of batik Kalangbret of Mojokerto is almost equal to the output of batik-batik of Yogyakarta, which is essentially coraknya white and brown color and dark blue. Which is known since more than a century ago where batik didesa Majan and Simo. The village also has a history as a relic from the time of Prince Diponegoro war in 1825.
Although known since ancient batik but Majapahait batik development began to spread rapidly since the area of Central Java Surakarta and Yogyakata, in the era of the kingdom in this region. It seems that the development of batik in Mojokerto and subsequent Supreme Tulung more dipenagruhi pattern Solo and Yogyakarta batik.
In the wake of clash between the Dutch colonial army troops prince Diponegoro then some of the troops withdrew Kyai Mojo towards the east and until now called Majan. Since the Dutch colonial era to the era of independence this status Majan village village Merdikan (Special Region), and the village head of a priest whose status Uirun-temurun.Pembuatan batik is an instinct Majan (heritage) of the art of making batik Diponegoro war era.
Color babaran Majan and Simo batik is unique because of the color red babarannya (from skin mengkudu) and other colors of the tom. As batik Setra famous since ancient times Sembung rural areas also, the batik entrepreneurs mostly from Sala who came in Tulungagung in the late nineteenth century. Only now there are still some families who batik from Sala Sembung settled areas. Apart from the places where there are also areas tesebut batik in Trenggalek and also some in Kediri, but the nature of some of the batik craft and household babarannya batik.
The spread of the Islamic era in the history batik other East Java is in Ponorogo, whose story is related to the spread of Islam in this area. Batik History. Mentioned problem area Ponorogo batik art is closely connected with the development of Islamic religion and former kingdoms. It was said in Batoro Katong area, there is a descendant of the Majapahit kingdom Katong named Raden Raden Patah's brother. Katong Batoro religion is what brought Islam to the Ponorogo and current petilasan is a mosque Patihan Wetan area.
Selanjutanya development, in Ponorogo, the area was a boarding school Tegalsari raised Kyai Hasan Basri, or known as the Great Tegalsari Kyai. This Tegalsari pesantren teach religion other than Islam also teaches administrative sciences, sciences and literature of war. A famous disciple of the literary field is Tegalsari Ronggowarsito Raden. Kyai Hasan Basri was taken into law by the king of the Kingdom of Solo.
At that time a new batik art is limited in the environment court. Therefore Solo palace daughter became the wife of Kyai Hasan Basri then brought to the Tegalsari and followed by escort-escort. besides that, there are many family court dipesantren Solo this study. This event is brought art out of the palace bafik into Ponorogo. Young people educated in this Tegalsari when it came out, the community will contribute in the dharma batik kepamongan areas and religion.
Old perbatikan areas we're seeing today is the area that is Kepatihan Wetan Kauman now and from here spread to the villages Ronowijoyo, Mangunsuman, Kertosari, Setono, Cokromenggalan, Duchy, Nologaten, Bangunsari, Cekok, and NGUNUT Banyudono. At that time drugs were used in the batik is made in their own country from the woods, among others; tree tom, mengkudu, tall timber. While homemade kainputihnyajugamemakai materials from woven wear. Bam import white cloth known in Indonesia about the late 19th century.
Batik stamp on the new Ponorogo known after the first world war brought by a Chinese named Kwee Seng from Banyumas. Regional Ponorogo early 20th century in the famous batik indigo dye that does not fade and that's why batik entrepreneurs from Banyumas and Solo provides employment to many entrepreneurs in Ponorogo batik. As a result of the familiar printed batik production Ponorogo petama world after the war until the outbreak of the second world war famous for its batik is batik cap rough blue mori. Crude market Ponorogo printed batik became known throughout Indonesia.
Batik Solo and Yogyakarta from work-kingdom in Solo and Yogyakarta and the surrounding 19th century 17.18, batik and widespread, especially in the areas of Java Island. Batik initially just a hobby of the royal family in the ornate through clothing. However, further development, community pleh batik perdagamgan developed into commodities.
Solo Batik is famous for its traditional style and patterns in the process of batik and the batik stamp he wrote. The materials used for coloring is still a lot of wear materials such as Soga domestic well-known Java since the first. The pattern remained among others known as "Sidomukti" and "Sidoluruh".
While origins of batik of Yogyakarta area known since the kingdom of Mataram to raj-I with a Panembahan Senopati any. The first area is batik didesa Plered. Batik at the time limited within the family court which was done by the women helpers queen. From here batik extends to the first trap on the other court the family is the wife of the courtiers and soldiers. At the official ceremony of the royal court families both men and women dressed in batik and striated kombonasi. Because of this kingdom received a visit from the people and the people interested in the clothes worn by the family court and imitated by the people and eventually spread out batik out of the palace walls.
As a result of the ancient time of war between the families of kings or the former Dutch colony, then a lot of families who fled the king and settled areas, new areas such as the Banyumas, Pekalongan, and East kedaerah Ponorogo, Tulungagung and so on. Meluasny a local batik until kedaerah-area historical development according to the Indonesian national struggle began the 18th century. Families who fled the palace is a developing batik all over the island of Java and the existing natural and developed according to the new area.
Diponegoro war against the Netherlands, urged the prince and his family and his followers had to leave the kingdom. They then spread to the East and West. Then in the new areas that the family and followers of Prince Diponegoro to develop batik.
East to Solo and Yogyakarta batik style batik refine existing in Mojokerto and Tulung Agung. It also spread to Gresik, Surabaya and Madura. Westward was developed batik in Banyumas, Pekalongan, Tegal, Cirebon.
Batik developments in other cities in Banyumas batik developments in the region centered Sokaraja carried by the followers of Prince selesa-Diponegero after inya war in 1830, their most-ap menet Banyumas area. Followers that the time was famous and he developed Najendra dip in Sokaraja batik. Materials used mori homespun results and drugs used pewama tom trees, trees and mengkudu pace that gives the red color of yellow artificiality.
Batik gradually spread to the people Sokaraja and at the end of the nineteenth century was directly related to batik Solo and Ponorogo area. Region in Banyumas batik has been known since before the motifs and colors in particular and is now called batik Banyumas. After the world war started batik union also done by China in addition to their trade batik material.
Similarly, in Pekalongan batik. The followers of Prince Diponegoro who settled in this area and develop business sekitara batik in this coastal area, namely in the area other than their own Pekalongan batik is growing rapidly in Buawaran, Pekajangan and Wonopringgo. The existence of batik in these areas almost simultaneously with the batik other areas which is about the nineteenth century. Batik-development areas outside the region apart from Yogyakarta and Solo are closely related to the development of royal history of Yogyakarta and Solo.
Widespread batik out of the palace after the end of the Diponegoro war and the many families who had moved court kedaerah outer regions because of Yogya and Solo would not kejasama with the colonial government. Family court brought his followers new kedaerah and batik place it continued and then became a job for a living.
Batik pattern in this new area is also adapted to the circumstances surrounding areas. Especially viewed from the Pekalongan and designya process heavily influenced by batik from Demak. Until the early twentieth century known batik process is batik morinya with artificial materials in the country and also some import. After the world war a new union known printed batik fabrication and use of drugs made overseas German and English.
In the early 20th century first became known in Pekajangan is producing stagen weaving and spinning the yarn itself is simple. In recent years new known batik done by the people who work this weaving sector. Growth and more rapid development of batik weaving and never stagen workers in the sugar factory and Tirto Wonopringgo ran into batik companies, because higher wages than the sugar factory.
Batik was known in Tegal late nineteenth century and that the use of homemade time taken from the plants: pace / mengkudu, indigo, Soga and the fabric woven wood itself. Color Tegal batik was first babaran Sogan and gray after a known indigo plant, and then increases to the red-blue color. Tegal batik market it was already out of the area including West Java, was taken by the entrepreneurs are on foot and these are developed according to the history of batik in Tasik and Ciamis besides other migrant-settlers from the cities of Central Javanese batik.
In the early twentieth century was known mori import and import drugs known as post-war new world of unity. Batik entrepreneurs in Tegal mostly weak in capital and raw materials derived from the Pekalongan and with credit and batik are sold in China provides loans to these raw materials. When the economic crisis of Tegal batik batik-wan and join a new active around the year 1934 back to the beginning of the second world war. When the Japanese went dead again batik activities.
Pila thus the history of batik in the same Purworejo in Kebumen with batik from Yogyakarta is about the seventh century XI. Batik Pekembangan in Purworejo compared with the faster Kebumen in Kebumen. Production as well as Yogyakarta and other Banyumas areas.
While in the Bayat area, Sub-Klaten Kebumen Tembayat located approximately 21 km east of the town of Klaten. Bayat area is the village located leg but the land of barren mountains and minuses. These areas include the environment and the residency of Surakarta and Klaten Regency batik history here is certainly closely related to the history of the Surakarta royal palace first. Bayat Village is now a pertilasan that can be visited by people in certain times of the "tomb of Sunan Bayat" on the mountain Jabarkat. So Bayat didesa batik has been around since the time of first job. Batik entrepreneurs in Bayat had most of the handicrafts and batik workers in Solo.
While batik in Kebumen is known about the early nineteenth century, brought by immigrants, immigrants from Yogyakarta in the context of the message of Islam, among others known are: PenghuluNusjaf. He is a developing batik in Kebumen and first place is settled east Lukolo time now and there are also relics of the mosque for his efforts. First batik process in Kebumen clang-called brother or Blambangan and then the last process is done in Banyumas / Solo. Around the early twentieth century to make the pattern used turmeric to taste made of wood. Kebumen motifs are: the trees, birds-burungan. Other materials used are tree pace, and indigo kemudu tom.
Use of imported drugs in Kebumen known around 1920 employees, introduced by Bank Rakyat Indonesia, which finally left the materials homemade, as it saves time. The use of copper seal is known around the year 1930 brought by Purnomo of Yogyakarta. Regional batik in Kebumen is didesa: Watugarut, Tanurekso many and there are several other villages.
Visits with relics of the present and the stories down from previous generations, it is estimated Batik Tasikmalaya area known since the days of "Tarumanagara" where the existing heritage is the number of trees found there Tarum useful for making batik time . Heritage village that now there's batik work is done: Wurug famous for batik craft, Sukapura, Mangunraja, Maronjaya and Tasikmalaya city.
Formerly the center of government and the crowd is well known Sukapura village, which lies lane Indihiang Tasikmalaya town now. Approximately end of the century and early XVII-XVIII century a result of the war between the kingdoms in Central Java, many of the county: Tegal, Pekalongan, Ba-nyumas and the wandering Ghost kedaerah West and settled in Ciamis and Tasikmalaya. Most of them are batik entrepreneurs area and headed towards the West with batik trade. With the advent of this new population, then dikenallah Soga pembutan good use of it came from Central Java. Tasikmalaya batik production now is a mixture of batik-batik from Pekalongan, Tegal, Banyumas, Ghost of various patterns and colors.
Batik was known in Ciamis about nineteenth century after the completion of Diponegoro war, where followers of Diponegoro much left Yogyakarta, heading south. Some areas there is settled Banyumas and there is a continuing part of the journey to the south and settled in Ciamis and Tasikmalaya now. They are wandering in and keluargany a new place and settled into the population continue to live and procedures work. Some of them are experts in crafting batik as domestic work for women. Eventually this work can be developed on the surrounding residents due to everyday social intercourse or family relationships. The materials used for weaving the fabric of the paint itself and the material is made from trees such as: mengkudu, tom tree, and so on.
Batik motif Ciamis result is a mixture of the Central Javanese batik and their own regional influence, especially Garutan motifs and colors. Until the early twentieth century in Ciamis batik developing little by little, from their own needs into market production. Was in the area of Cirebon batik there with royal kaintannya in this aerah, namely Kanoman, Kasepuahn and Keprabonan. The main source of Cirebon batik, the case is the same as in Yogyakarta and Solo. Batik emerged court environment, and carried out by the courtiers who reside outside the palace. The kings of old times delighted with the paintings and before the cotton is known, the painting was placed on palm leaves. It happened around the XIII century. This has to do with batik motifs on the fabrics. Characteristic of the bulk of batik motive cirebonan images of forests and wildlife symbol. While the sea motif for natural dipengaruhioleh Chinese thinking, which the sultanate of Cirebon editing once the Chinese princess. Cirebonan Sementra featuring batik because it is influenced by the eagle motif Yogyakarta and Solo batik.
Batik has a variety of motives. Not only from within the country, batik is derived from foreign countries, like Russia.
